UAV Command and Control, Navigation and Surveillance: A Review of Potential 5G and Satellite Systems

Drones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are expected to be an important component of 5G/beyond 5G (B5G) communications. This includes their use within cellular architectures (5G UAVs), in which they can facilitate both wireless broadcast and point-to-point transmissions, usually using small UAS (sUAS). Allowing UAS to operate within airspace along with commercial, cargo, and other piloted aircraft will likely require dedicated and protected aviation spectrum at least in the near term, while regulatory authorities adapt to their use. The command and control (C2), or control and non-payload communications (CNPC) link provides safety critical information for the control of the UAV both in terrestrial-based line of sight (LOS) conditions and in satellite communication links for so-called beyond LOS (BLOS) conditions. In this paper, we provide an overview of these CNPC links as they may be used in 5G and satellite systems by describing basic concepts and challenges. We review new entrant technologies that might be used for UAV C2 as well as for payload communication, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, and also review navigation and surveillance challenges. A brief discussion of UAV-to-UAV communication and hardware issues are also provided.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, IEEE aerospace conferenc

Li\'enard-Wiechert potential of a heavy quark moving in QGP medium

We investigate the nature of the complex retarded potential of a heavy quarkonium moving in a hot and dense static deconfined nuclear medium. The well-known concept of the retarded potential in electrodynamics is extended to the context of the heavy-quark by modifying the static vacuum Cornell potential through Lorentz transformation to the static frame of the medium. The resulting potential in the vacuum is further corrected to incorporate the screening effect offered by the thermal medium. To do so, the retarded Cornell potential is modified by the dielectric function of the static quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. We present the numerical results for the real and imaginary parts of the potential along with the analytical expression of the potential approximated by a small velocity limit. Finally, we present the thermal width of quarkonia in the QGP medium derived using the imaginary part of the potential and study its dependence on velocity and temperature.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Hypertension among adults in Bangladesh: evidence from a national cross-sectional survey

Background Hypertension is an increasing problem in Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh. Although some epidemiological studies on hypertension have been conducted in Bangladesh, the factors associated with hypertension in this nation remain unclear. We aimed to determine the factors associated with hypertension among the adults in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). A total of 7,839 (3,964 women and 3,875 men) adults aged 35æyears and older who participated in the survey was included. Hypertension was defined by a systolic blood pressure???140æmmHg and/or, diastolic blood pressure???90æmmHg and/or, receipt of an anti-hypertensive medication at time of the survey. The degree of association between the risk factors and the outcome was assessed by the odd ratio (OR) obtained from the bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26.4æ%, and the prevalence was higher in women (32.4æ%) than men (20.3æ%). Study participants with the age group of 60?69 years had higher odds of having hypertension (AOR: 3.77, 95æ% CI: 3.01?4.72) than the age group 35?39 years. Moreover, individuals who had higher educational attainment (AOR: 1.63, 95æ% C.I: 1.25?2.14) and higher wealth status (AOR?=?1.91, 95æ% CI: 1.54?2.38) had higher odds of having hypertension than the individuals with no education and lower social status, respectively. The analysis also showed that high BMI (AOR: 2.19, 95æ% C.I: 1.87?2.57) and having diabetes (AOR: 1.54, 95æ% C.I: 1.31?1.83) were associated with the increasing risk of hypertension. Conclusions Our study shows that the risk of hypertension was significantly associated with older age, sex, education, place of residence, working status, wealth index, BMI, and diabetes. Moreover, hypertension is largely untreated, especially in rural settings. The health system needs to develop appropriate strategies including early diagnosis, awareness via mass media, and health education programs for changing lifestyles should be initiated for older age, wealthy, and/or higher educated individuals in Bangladesh. Moreover, area-specific longitudinal research is necessary to find out the underlying causes of regional variations

Type 2 diabetes and its correlates among adults in Bangladesh: a population based stud

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in Bangladesh. However, the correlates of type 2 diabetes among adults in Bangladesh remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the correlates of type 2 diabetes among the adults in Bangladesh. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. A random sample of 7,543 (3,823 women and 3,720 men) adults of age 35 years and older from both urban and rural areas, who participated in the survey was included. Diabetes was defined as having a fasting plasma blood glucose level of ≥ 7 mm/L or taking diabetes medication during the survey. Hypothesized factors, e.g., age, sex, education, place of residence, social status, body mass index, and hypertension were considered in the analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the important correlates of type 2 diabetes. Results : Among the respondents, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 11 %, and the prevalence was slightly higher in women (11.2 %) than men (10.6 %). Respondents with the age group of 55–59 years had higher odds of having diabetes (odds ratios (OR) = 2.37, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.76–3.21) than the age group of 35–39 years. Moreover, respondents who had higher educational attainment (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI: 1.18–2.36) and higher social status (OR = 2.01, 95 % CI: 1.50–2.70) had higher odds of having diabetes than the respondents with no education and lower social status, respectively. We also found socioeconomic status, place of residence (rural or urban), regions of residence (different divisions), overweight and obesity, and hypertension as significant correlates of type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Our study shows that older age, higher socioeconomic status, higher educational attainment, hypertension, and obesity were found to be significant correlates of type 2 diabetes. Need-based policy program strategies including early diagnosis, awareness via mass media, and health education programs for changing lifestyles should be initiated for older age, wealthy, and/or higher educated individuals in Bangladesh. Moreover, area-specific longitudinal research is necessary to find out the underlying causes of regional variations

RANCANG BANGUN AUTOMATED VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SMALL OFFICE HOME OFFICE (SOHO) DI PT. SATNETCOM BALIKPAPAN

Informasi merupakan hal yang penting dalam perusahaan sehingga distribusinya menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang diharuskan. Metode distribusi informasi dari kantor pusat ke kantor cabang menjadi hal yang harus dipikirkan. Virtual Private Network salah satu solusi untuk menghubungkan kantor pusat dengan kantor cabang secara LAN. Pembuatan VPN dengan Ethernet over Internet Protocol (EoIP) membutuhkan informasi ip address yang bersifat statik sehingga tidak bisa diimplementasikan pada ip address yang bersifat dinamis. Dengan Automated Virtual Private Network ini diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan dalam distribusi data yang melewati Tunnel EoIP Protocol dimana salah satu kantor menggunakan IP Address publik dinamis. Dalam pengembangan Automated Virtual Private Network ini penulis menggunakan tahapan-tahapan dari pengembangan PPDIOO. Sedangkan perangkat yang digunakan ialah perangkat dengan merek Mikrotik. Penulis melibatkan Layer-2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP), Netwatch, Bridge, VLAN dan Script dalam pembuatan konfigurasi untuk merubah remote address milik EoIP secara otomatis

Binding Pattern Elucidation of NNK and NNAL Cigarette Smoke Carcinogens with NER Pathway Enzymes: an Onco- Informatics Study

Cigarette smoke derivatives like NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol) are well-known carcinogens. We analyzed the interaction of enzymes involved in the NER (nucleotide excision repair) pathway with ligands (NNK and NNAL). Binding was characterized for the enzymes sharing equivalent or better interaction as compared to +Ve control. The highest obtained docking energy between NNK and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.13 kcal/mol, -7.27 kcal/mol, -8.05 kcal/mol and -7.58 kcal/mol respectively. Similarly the highest obtained docking energy between NNAL and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.46 kcal/mol, -7.94 kcal/mol, -7.83 kcal/mol and -7.67 kcal/mol respectively. In order to find out the effect of NNK and NNAL on enzymes involved in the NER pathway applying protein-protein interaction and protein-complex (i.e. enzymes docked with NNK/ NNAL) interaction analysis. It was found that carcinogens are well capable to reduce the normal functioning of genes like RAD23A (HR23A), CCNH, CDK7 and CETN2. In silico analysis indicated loss of functions of these genes and their corresponding enzymes, which possibly might be a cause for alteration of DNA repair pathways leading to damage buildup and finally contributing to cancer formation